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In a large bowl, stir together the white masarepa and water. Mix with your hands or a spoon until a smooth dough forms. If it feels too wet, add a bit more masarepa. Add salt if desired.
Allow the dough to rest for 5–10 minutes to let the masarepa fully absorb the water. This makes shaping easier and improves the texture.
Divide the dough into 12 equal balls. Flatten each one into a disc about ½-inch thick and 3–4 inches wide, like a small pancake. Adjust size depending on how you plan to serve them.
Heat a skillet or griddle over medium-high. Add a small amount of oil and a pat of butter, this combination gives the arepas a crisp, golden crust without drying them out.
Place the discs on the hot skillet. Reduce heat to medium-low and cook for 5 minutes per side. Then increase heat to high and fry another 1–2 minutes per side for added color.
Remove from pan and serve immediately with butter, queso fresco, or fillings like eggs, avocado, or shredded chicken. To keep warm for later, place in a low oven (200°F) until ready to serve.